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The Routledge Handbook to Referendums and Direct Democracy

Edited by: Laurence Morel, Matt Ovortrup

ISBN13: 9781138209930
Published: December 2017
Publisher: Routledge
Country of Publication: UK
Format: Hardback
Price: £205.00



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Over the last 30 years referendums have played an increasingly important role in determining government policy. Recent high profile referendums in Scotland, Catalonia and Ukraine have continued the movement towards independence referendums following decolonization and the end of the Cold War. The Greek bailout referendum and Britain’s vote on membership of the EU reflect a tradition of European states giving their people a direct say in the transfer of sovereign powers to the European Union seen through the ratification of key treaties such as Maastricht, Amsterdam, Nice and Lisbon. This Routledge Handbook covers key aspects and issues of direct democracy and referendums throughout the world including:

  • their history
  • when, why, where, how and on which issues referendums are held
  • why some referendums are more democratic than others
  • how referendums are won
  • whether they produce good policies
  • if referendums increase participation and improve the quality of representative democracies
  • do referendums increase trust in democracy and the political actors
  • the impact of new technology on the possibilities, methods and frequency of direct public political participation
  • how they should be regulated

Covering other related areas such as recall, citizen juries and random selection, this compendium is an indispensable guide to referendums and the workings of modern democracy.

Subjects:
Constitutional and Administrative Law
Contents:
Foreword by Vernon Bogdanor
Introduction
Laurence Morel and Matt Qvortrup

Part I. The History and Variety of Referendums
1. The History of Referendums and Direct Democracy
Matt Qvortrup
2. Types of Referendums, Provisions and Practice at National Level Worldwide
Laurence Morel
3. Local Referendums: A Comparative Assessment of Forms and Practice
Theo Schiller
4. Methodological Issues: Popper, Paradigms and Historical Perspectives on Referendum Research.
A Case of Pluralism
Matt Qvortrup

Part II. The Politics of Referendums: Causes and Regime Context
5. Views on Referendums: Is there a Pattern?
Palle Svensson
6. Why Referendums? On Appearances and Absences
Dag Anckar
7. Referendums and Consensus Democracy: Empirical Findings from 21 EU Countries
Stefan Vospernik

Part III. The Democratic Quality of Referendums: Criteria, Practices, Regulations
8. The Democratic Criticism of Referendums: The Majority and True Will of the People
Laurence Morel
9. The Democratic Potential of Referendums: Intrinsic and Extrinsic Limitations
Patrick Taillon
10. Democratic Credentials and Deficits of Referendums: A Case Study of the Scottish Independence Vote
Stephan Tierney
11. People Concerned and People Entitled to Vote: The Example of Sovereignty Referendums
İlker Gökhan Şen
12. The Expression of Popular Will: Does the Wording of a Referendum Question Matter?
François Rocher and André Lecours
13. The Expression of Popular Will: Do Campaigns Matter and How Do Voters Decide?
Ece Ozlem Atikcan
The Strength of Popular Will: Legal Impact, Implementation and Duration
Dane Waters
15. Existing Regulations and Recommended Best Practices: The Example of the USA
Henry S. Noyes

Part IV. Voting at Referendums
16. Voting Behaviour in Direct Democracy Votes
Pascal Sciarini
Picking Winners. Forecasting the Results of EU Referendums 1972-2016
Matt Qvortrup
The Formation of Opinions at Referendums: The Application of the Screening Theory Model
Guy Lachapelle
19. Are Referendums a Machinery to Turn Out our Prejudices into Rational Choices ? An Unfortunate Answer of Sociophysics
Serge Galam
How Elections Shape Campaigning Effects in Direct Democracy
Simon Lanz and Alessandro Nai

Part V. Policy and Political Effects of Referendums
21. Referendums, Minorities and Individual Freedoms
Marthe Fatin-Rouge Stefanini
22. Referendums on European Integration: Crisis-Solving or Crisis-Inducing?
Fernando Mendez and Mario Mendez
23. Do Referendums Make Better Citizens? TTThe Effects of Direct Democracy on Political Interest, Civic Competence and Participation
Julien Talpin
24. Brinkmanship and Backsliding: How Governments Deal with Referendum Decisions
Gerald Schneider
25. Effects of Referendums on Party Cohesion and Cleavages: Empirical Findings from 21 EU Countries
Stefan Vospernik

Part VI. Related Direct Democratic Institutions: An Overview
26. Recall Referendum Around the World: Origins, Institutional Designs and Current Debates
Yanina Welp
27. Deliberative Mini-Publics in Democratic Systems
Maija Setälä
28. Nothing Fails Like Success: Teledemocracy and Deliberative Polling
Ted Becker
29. Sortition, Direct Democracy and Indirect Democracy
Gil Delannoi and Oliver Dowlen

Appendix 1.Types of Nationwide Referendums Provided for in the 195 Countries of the World (2016) Laurence Morel
Appendix 2. Practice of Nationwide Referendums in the 195 countries of the World (1940-2016)
Laurence Morel