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The Military Commander's Necessity: The Law of Armed Conflict and its Limits


ISBN13: 9781108493925
Published: October 2019
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Country of Publication: UK
Format: Hardback
Price: £123.00
Paperback edition , ISBN13 9781108713610



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The idea of military necessity lies at the centre of the law of armed conflict and yet it is less than fully understood. This book analyses which legal limits govern the commander's assessment of military necessity and it is argued that military necessity itself is not a limitation. Military necessity calls for a highly discretionary exercise: the assessment. Yet, there is little guidance as to how this discretionary process should be exercised, apart from the notions of 'a reasonable military commander'. A reasonable assessment of “excessive” civilian losses are presumed to be almost intuitive. Objective standards for determining excessive civilian losses are difficult to identify, particularly when that “excessiveness” will be understood in relative terms. The perpetual question arises: are civilian losses acceptable if the war can be won? The result is a heavy burden of assessment placed on the shoulders of the military commander.

  • Offers a comprehensive contemporary analysis of the legal function of military necessity in international humanitarian law of armed conflict, distinguishing military necessity from other legal concepts
  • Presents the legal limits to the military commander's assessment of military necessity during conduct of hostilities and makes the application of the abstract legal concept of military necessity more concrete and exemplified for armed forces
  • Discusses the balance between the commander's room for subjective manoeuvre with objective limits to the commander's assessment of military necessity showing how both a commander's margin of appreciation and objective legal limits are indispensable and intertwined

  • Subjects:
    Public International Law
    Contents:
    1. Introduction
    Part I. Concept, History and Basics:
    2. Elements of Military Necessity
    3. Military Necessity and a Historical Outset
    4. Assessing Military Necessity Through a Military Margin of Appreciation
    5. Assessing Necessity and Criminal Responsibility
    6. Military Necessity and Humanitarian Considerations
    Part II. Distinction as Limitation Upon Military Necessity in the Law of Armed Conflict:
    7. The Principle of Distinction: Also a Limitation upon Military Necessity
    8. Military Objects
    9. Combatants as Lawful Targets
    10. Military Necessity and the Notion of 'Lawful Combatancy'
    11. Who are Civilians and When do They Lose their Protection?
    Part III. Effectuating Distinction – Enforcing an Ultimate Balance Between Necessities of War and Considerations of Humanity:
    12. Protection of the Civilian Population and Perceptions of Military Necessity
    13. Military Necessity and Proportionality
    14. Military Necessity and the Scope and Nature of Military Advantage
    15. The Commanders Ultimate “Margins”: Assessing Excessiveness and Feasibility
    Part IV. The Exceptive Face of Military Necessity:
    16. Destruction and Seizure of Property When Military Necessity Requires
    17. Military Necessity and Rules on Special Protection
    Part V: Conclusions:
    18. Conclusions – Limitations to the Commander's Assessment of Military Necessity
    Bibliography
    Index.